Umuyoboro wo gusudira, uzwi kandi nk'icyuma gisudira, usanga ahanini bikozwe mu isahani y'icyuma cyangwa umurongo wasuditswe nyuma yo gushushanya no gukora.Umuyoboro w'icyuma usudira ufite ibyiza byo gutunganya umusaruro woroshye, gukora neza cyane, ubwoko bwinshi nibisobanuro, hamwe no gushora ibikoresho bike, ariko imbaraga rusange muri rusange ziri munsi yiz'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite kashe.Kuva mu myaka ya za 1930, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’umusaruro wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wuzuza ibicuruzwa ndetse n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura, ubwiza bw’ikidodo bwasudwe bwagiye bukomeza kunozwa, ubwinshi n’ibisobanuro by’umuyoboro w’ibyuma byasudutse byiyongereye, n’ibyuma bidafite kashe. umuyoboro wasimbuwe mubice byinshi kandi byinshi.Imiyoboro y'icyuma isudutse igabanijwemo imiyoboro igororotse hamwe n'umuyoboro usudira ukurikije uburyo bwo gusudira.

一.Itondekanya ry'imiyoboro isudira

Imiyoboro isudira ishyirwa mubikorwa ukurikije imikoreshereze yabyo: nayo ishyirwa mubyiciro rusange byo gusudira, gusunika imiyoboro isudira, ogisijeni ihuha imiyoboro isudira, amaboko y'insinga, imiyoboro isudira, imiyoboro idakora, imiyoboro y'amazi meza, imiyoboro y'imodoka, imiyoboro ihinduranya, -Imiyoboro ikikijwe, imiyoboro idasanzwe idasanzwe hamwe n'imiyoboro isudira.

二.Gusaba Urwego rwo gusudira

Ibicuruzwa bisudira bikoreshwa cyane mubikono, ibinyabiziga, kubaka ubwato, kubaka inzugi zubatswe zoroheje nububiko bwamadirishya ibyuma, ibikoresho, imashini zitandukanye zubuhinzi, scafolding, umuyoboro winsinga, amasahani maremare, kontineri nibindi ibyo Irashobora kuzuza ibyo umukiriya asabwa, umuyoboro udasanzwe udasanzwe wo gusudira urashobora gukorwa ukurikije ibyo umukoresha asabwa.

三.UBURYO BWO KUBARA INYIGISHO Z'UBURENGANZIRA BWIZA  

Hano hari formulaire zo kubara uburemere bwumuyoboro wasuditswe.

Uburemere bwa metero kuri metero yicyuma (ubwinshi bwibyuma ni 7,85 kg / dm3)

Inzira: W = 0.02466 (DS) S.

Muri formula yo kubara, uburemere bwamahame ya W-ibyuma kuri metero, kg / m;

D - Amazina yo hanze ya diametre yumuyoboro wibyuma, mm;

S - urukuta rw'izina uburebure bw'icyuma, mm.

四.Ibisobanuro byemewe no gukoresha inganda zo gusudira

Ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa ku ruganda rusudira ni isahani yicyuma cyangwa umurongo wibyuma.Irashobora kugabanywa mu itanura ryo gusudira, umuyoboro wogosha amashanyarazi hamwe nu muyoboro wa arc weld kubera uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira.Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira, burashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro usudutse ugororotse hamwe nu muyoboro wizunguruka.ku buryo bwanyuma, urashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro uzengurutswe hamwe nu muyoboro udasanzwe wo gusudira (umuyoboro wa kaburimbo wa kaburimbo n'ibindi).Imiyoboro isudira irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bikurikira kubikoresho bitandukanye no gukoresha:

1. GB / T3091-1993.

Ahanini ikoreshwa mugutanga amazi, gaze, umwuka, amavuta, gushyushya amazi ashyushye cyangwa amavuta hamwe nandi mazi rusange yumuvuduko muke nindi miyoboro igamije.Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni urwego Q235A ibyuma.

2. GB / T3092-1993.

Ahanini ikoreshwa mugutanga amazi, gaze, umwuka, amavuta, gushyushya amazi ashyushye cyangwa amavuta hamwe nandi mazi rusange yumuvuduko muke nindi miyoboro igamije.Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni Q235A ibyuma byo mu rwego.

3. GB / T 14291-1992 (Umuyoboro Weld wo gutwara Mine Fluid)

Ahanini ikoreshwa mubirindiro byumwuka, amazi, imiyoboro ya gazi ya shaft hamwe nicyuma gisudira cyuma.Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni icyiciro cya Q235A na B.GB / T 14980-1994.Ikoreshwa cyane mugutanga amazi yumuvuduko muke nkamazi, umwanda, gaze, umwuka, gushyushya amavuta nibindi bikorwa.Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni urwego Q235A ibyuma.

4. GB / T12770-1991 (Umuyoboro w'icyuma usudira udafite ibyuma)

Ahanini ikoreshwa mumashini, imodoka, amagare, ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya hoteri na hoteri nibindi bice byubukanishi nibice byubaka.Ibikoresho byayihagarariye ni 0Cr13, 1Cr17, 00Cr19Ni11, 1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr18Ni11Nb, nibindi.

GB / T12771-1991 (Umuyoboro w'icyuma usudira wo gutwara ibintu)

Ahanini ikoreshwa mugutanga itangazamakuru ryumuvuduko ukabije.

Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni 0Cr13, 0Cr19Ni9, 00Cr19Ni11, 00Cr17, 0Cr18Ni11Nb, 0017Cr17Ni14Mo2, nibindi.